Understanding Juju in Trafficking Context
Juju rituals are used by Nigerian trafficking networks, particularly from Edo State, to bind victims through fear of supernatural consequences. Expert witnesses explain the cultural and psychological mechanism without sensationalising the practice.
Understanding juju is essential for credibility assessment: victims may fear disclosure because of perceived supernatural consequences, not because their account lacks credibility.
The National Referral Mechanism (NRM)
The NRM in the UK identifies trafficking victims and provides support. Expert reports complement NRM decisions by addressing country conditions on return, including re-trafficking risk and state protection inadequacies.
Reports should address the specific trafficking route (commonly Edo State to Libya/Italy/UK) and the network structure.
Trafficking Routes and Networks
Benin City in Edo State is the primary origin for Nigerian trafficking to Europe. Expert reports address the specific network, debt bondage mechanisms, and the role of juju practitioners in maintaining control.
Returned victims face retaliation, stigma, and re-trafficking. The updated trafficking CPIN confirms inadequate state protection.
Expert Role in Trafficking Cases
The expert explains juju mechanism, assesses reintegration risk, addresses state protection availability, and provides cultural context for credibility assessment. Reports must comply with Immigration Tribunal Practice Direction paragraph 10.